Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in Heart Failure: Utilization of Impedance Cardiography

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Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring in heart failure: utilization of impedance cardiography.

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The evaluation of the hemodynamic state of the severely ill patient is a common problem in emergency medicine. While conventional vital signs offer some insight into delineating the circulatory pathophysiology, it is often impossible to determine the true clinical state from an analysis of blood pressure and heart rate alone. Cardiac output measurements by thermodilution have been the criterion...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Congestive Heart Failure

سال: 2003

ISSN: 1527-5299

DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7133.2003.tb00021.x